1. First Generation (1944-1959)
Vacuum tube as a signal amplifier, a typical first-generation computer. Initially, vacuum tubes (vacuum-tube) is used as a component of the signal amplifier. Raw materials consist of glass, so much has disadvantages, such as: easily broken, and easy to distribute the heat. This heat needs to be neutralized by other components that serves as a coolant.
And with the additional component, the computer finally appeared to be a big, heavy and expensive. In 1946, electronic computers in the world that the ENIAC was completed first. On the computer contained 18,800 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons. so large in size, to the point that requires a separate classroom.
In the visible image ENIAC computer, which is the world's first electronic computer that has a weight weighing 30 tons, length 30 M and 2.4 M high and requires 174 kilowatts of electrical power.
2. Second Generation (1960-1964)
The transistor is a hallmark of second-generation computer. Raw material consists of 3 layers, namely: "basic" , "collector" and "emmiter" . The transistor is an abbreviation of the transfer resistor, which means that by influencing the resistance between two of the 3 layers, then the power (resistor) which is in the next layer can also be affected. Thus, the transistor functions as a signal amplifier. As a solid component, tansistor has many advantages such as: not easily broken, do not distribute the heat. And thus, the computers that are becoming smaller and cheaper.
In the 1960s, IBM introduced the commercial machine that uses a transistor and is used extensively began to circulate in the market. IBM-7090 computer made in the United States is one of the commercial machine that uses transistors. This computer is designed to solve all kinds of jobs both scientific and commercial. Because of its speed and ability, leading to the IBM 7090 became very popular. Other second-generation computers are: IBM Serie 1400, Serie NCR 304, MARK IV and the Honeywell Model 800.
3. Third Generation (1964-1975)
The concept of the smaller and more affordable than transistors, eventually spur people to continue to conduct various studies. Thousands transistor finally combined in one form a very small. Silicium piece yag have successfully created the size of a few millimeters, and is called an integrated circuit or IC-chip that are characteristic of third generation computers. Magnetic ring can be in-magnetization in a direction or counterclockwise, and finally to sinyalkan condition "ON" or "OFF"which is then translated into the concept of 0 and 1 in the binary number system that is needed by the computer. In every field there are 924 memory magnetic rings, each representing 1 bit of information. Millions of bits of information today is in a single chip with a very small form.
Computers are used to automate first introduced in 1968 by PDC 808, which has 4 KB (kilo-byte) memory and 8 bits for core memory.
4. Fourth Generation (1975-Present)
Chiri typical microprocessor is the fourth generation of computers that are thousands IC compaction into a chip. Because the form of an increasingly small and growing capabilities and the price offered is also getting cheaper. Microprocessor is the beginning of the birth of personal computers.
In 1971, Intel Corp., later developed the first microprocessor serie 4004. Examples of this generation is the Apple I computer which was developed by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs with how to enter the microprocessor on the circuit board computer.In addition, later appeared TRS Model 80 with type Motorola 68000 processor and Zilog Z-80 uses 64KB of RAM standard. Computer Apple II-e are using the processor type and Ram 6502R is 64 Kb, is also one of the PC is very popular at that time. Operating systems used are: CP / M 8 Bit. This computer is very popular in the early 80's.
IBM Personal Computer was churning out around the year 1981, using the Operating System 16 Bit MS-DOS. Due to the price offered is not much different from any other computer, in addition to the technology is much better and bigger than IBM's own name, then in a very short time, the computer has become very popular.
5. Fifth Generation (now - future)
In this generation is marked by the emergence of: LSI (Large Scale Integration), which represents thousands of microprocessor compaction into a microprocesor. In addition, also marked by the emergence of microprocessor and semi-conductors.Companies that make micro-processors include: Intel Corporation, Motorola, Zilog and others again. In the market we can see a microprocessor from Intel with the models 4004, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, and Pentium. Pentium-4 is the latest production from Intel Corporation that is expected to cover all the weaknesses that exist in previous products, in addition, possessed the ability and speed of the Pentium-4 also increased to 2 Ghz. The pictures that appear to be smoother and sharper, in addition to the speed of processing, sending or receiving images also become faster and faster.
Pentium-4 produced by using technology 12:18 micron. With the smaller shape which resulted in power, flow and heat stress also issued smaller. With a faster processor cool, can produce a higher MHz speed. Speed-owned is 20 times faster than generation of Pentium 3.
Packard Bell iXtreme 4140i is one of PC computers using the Pentium-4 as a processor with a speed of 1.4 GHz, 128 MB of RDRAM memory, hard drive of 40 GB (1.5 GB used for recovery), and GeForce2 MX video card with 32 MB memory. HP Pavilion 9850 is also a PC using a Pentium-4 processor with a speed of 1.4 GHz. PC Pentium-4 Hewllett-Packard came up with the dominant color is black and gray.Compared to other PC, Pavilion is a PC Pentium-4 with complete facilities. Owned by RDRAM Memory 128 MB, 30 GB hard drive with a monitor at 17 inches.
Source: kaskus.us
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